What type of reflection occurs when rays reflect uniformly at 90 degrees off a smooth surface?

The phenomenon described involves rays reflecting uniformly at 90 degrees off a smooth surface, which is characteristic of specular reflection. In specular reflection, light rays striking a smooth and polished surface, such as a mirror or calm water, reflect at equal angles to the surface normal. This uniform reflection allows for clear images to be formed, as the light maintains its organized path.

In contrast, diffuse reflection occurs on rough surfaces where the light rays scatter in many different directions. This scattering prevents the formation of clear images, which is a key distinction from specular reflection. Shadow reflection and rough reflection are not standard terms used in optics to describe the behavior of light; thus, they do not apply in this context. Understanding the properties of both specular and diffuse reflection helps clarify the impact of surface texture on the behavior of light rays.