How can new evidence affect scientific theories about the universe?

New evidence can indeed change or add to existing theories, which represents an essential aspect of the scientific method. Scientific theories are not static; they are built on observations, experimental data, and rational deductions. When new evidence emerges, it can lead researchers to reevaluate current theories, prompting modifications, adaptations, or even the development of entirely new theories.

This process is vital because it allows science to progress and refine our understanding of complex subjects like the universe. For example, past theories about the structure of the universe have evolved significantly in response to new astronomical discoveries, such as the expansion of the universe and the existence of dark matter, both of which have expanded and refined existing theories rather than reinforcing outdated concepts.

In contrast, while some options imply the resilience of existing scientific views, they fail to capture the dynamic nature of scientific inquiry, where new discoveries compel scientists to adapt their understanding. The option stating that new evidence has no impact on understanding the universe is inconsistent with the historical progression of science, which shows that each new piece of evidence can significantly shape our comprehension of the cosmos. Thus, recognizing that new evidence can lead to significant changes or additions to existing theories is fundamental to scientific advancement.